This Cochrane Systematic Review synthesizes the evidence pertaining to the benefits and harms of wheat flour fortification with iron alone or with other vitamins and minerals in relation to anemia, iron status, and health‐related outcomes in populations over 2 years of age. Evidence from 9 studies suggests a very low to moderate certainty regarding the effect of wheat flour with added iron on the reduction of anemia and iron deficiency among people in countries that add iron to wheat flour.