Researchers compared several anthropometric diagnostic criteria to assess risk of child mortality. The best indicators were weight-for-age Z-score (WAZ) <−2, mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC) <125 mm, MUAC < 115 mm or WAZ < −3, and WAZ < −3. A combined case definition (MUAC < 115 mm or WAZ < −3) was better at predicting deaths associated with weight-for-height Z-score <−3 and concurrent wasting and stunting than the single WAZ < −3 case definition. While therapeutic feeding programs may achieve greater impact by using a combined case definition, operational concerns remain.