USAID Advancing Nutrition has compiled resources that focus on nutrition in the context of early childhood development, health and food systems, and working in humanitarian contexts. Research, reports, and other tools also provide insights into knowledge management; social and behavior change; and monitoring, evaluation, and learning topics. Many resources also provide insights about programming in the context of COVID-19. Have a resource to share? Let us know ›

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Early Childhood
Development Food Systems Knowledge Management Monitoring, Evaluation,
and Learning Nutrition and
Health Systems Nutrition in
Humanitarian Contexts Social and
Behavior Change

September 2020

IconEarly Childhood Development

Research Articles

Associations Among Early Stimulation, Stunting, and Child Development in Four Countries in the East Asia–Pacific

Rao, Nirmala, Ben Richards, Carrie Lau, et al. International Journal of Early Childhood, August 2020
  • Early Childhood Development
Research in four countries found positive correlations between child development and preschool attendance, preschool duration, and home learning activities among non-stunted and stunted children. This article is behind a paywall.

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Early Life Experiences and Trajectories of Cognitive Development

McCormick, Benjamin J. J., Laura E. Caulfield, Stephanie A. Richard, et al. Pediatrics, September 2020
  • Early Childhood Development
Evidence demonstrates that a supporting and nurturing environment—defined as warmth and responsiveness, discipline and control, stimulation, and teaching—improves cognitive development. Conversely, chronic illness during childhood is negatively associated with cognitive development and school readiness.

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The Effect of Malnutrition and Micronutrient Deficiency on Children’s Mental Health

Grantham-McGregor, Sally, Joanne Smith. Mental Health and Illness of Children and Adolescents, March 2020
  • Early Childhood Development
Data suggest that psychosocial interventions can improve malnourished children’s mental health but there is insufficient evidence on the effects of such interventions on supplementation. The World Health Organization recommends that malnourished children participate in psychosocial interventions and stresses the importance of more research on the mental health sequelae of malnutrition and micronutrient deficiencies.

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Effects of the Global Coronavirus Disease-2019 Pandemic on Early Childhood Development: Short- and Long-Term Risks and Mitigating Program and Policy Actions

Yoshikawa, Hirokazu, Alice J. Wuermli, Pia Rebello Britto, et al. Journal of Pediatrics, May 2020
  • Early Childhood Development
COVID-19 is causing reductions in health care access and may lead to 42 to 66 million more children living in extreme poverty. Crowded housing and lack of access to water and sanitation make physical distancing and handwashing difficult, and researchers anticipate increases in domestic and sexual violence and the loss of caregivers. Multi-sectorial interventions to address health care, economic and food security, violence, and family support for illness and death are critical.

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Household Food Insecurity and Early Childhood Development: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Oliveira, Klébya Hellen Dantas de, Géssica Mercia de Almeida, Muriel Bauermann Gubert, et al. Maternal & Child Nutrition, February 2020
  • Early Childhood Development
  • Food Systems
Significant associations exist between household food insecurity and several early childhood development domains, including developmental risk, vocabulary skills, and math skills; while there are marginal associations with school readiness, reading, and motor development. It is important for researchers to have standardized methods and clear definitions of domains to increase comparability globally.

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Identifying Children at Risk of Intellectual Disability in UNICEF’s Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys: Cross-Sectional Survey

Emerson, Eric, Gwynnyth Llewellyn. Disability and Health Journal, August 2020
  • Early Childhood Development
Using functional difficulty associated with learning (FDAL) data from Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys as a proxy indicator for intellectual disability risks may produce false negative errors in low- and-middle income countries and false positive errors among those with higher socioeconomic status. This article is behind a paywall.

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The Impact of Nutritional Interventions on Child Health and Cognitive Development

Boomer, Christian, Nitya Mittal, Sebastian Vollmer. The Annual Review of Resource Economics, April 2020
  • Early Childhood Development
  • Monitoring, Evaluation, and Learning
While promising interventions exist to improve nutritional intake, addressing malnutrition requires multifactorial approaches. For interventions to successfully transform into large-scale policy programs, research must focus on maximizing compliance and sustainability. This article is behind a paywall.

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INCAP Longitudinal Study: 50 Years of History and Legacy

Ramirez-Zea, Manuel, Mónica Mazariegos. Food and Nutrition Bulletin, March 2020
  • Early Childhood Development
A cohort of children who participated in a nutritional supplementation intervention from 1969–1977 has been followed since. Follow-up studies demonstrate strong evidence of the impact of investments in nutrition, health, and childcare in the first 1,000 days on child development, well-being, and human capital later in life. This article is behind a paywall.

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Parental Health and Early Child Development

Yamashita, Hiroshi, Kenichi Yamane, Daisuke Katsuki, Keiko Yoshida. Chapter in Mental Health and Illness of Children and Adolescents, August 2020
  • Early Childhood Development
The period from pregnancy to age 3 is when children are most susceptible to extreme poverty, gender inequities, violence, toxins, and poor mental health. Parents and other caretakers need information, resources, and services to provide nurturing care. Practitioners should implement high-quality interventions that simultaneously target multiple risks and build on existing delivery platforms to enhance scaling and sustainability. This chapter is behind a paywall.

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Physical Discipline, Deprivation, and Differential Risk of Developmental Delay Across 17 Countries

Salhi, Carmel, Elizabeth Beatriz, Ryan McBain, et al. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, March 2020
  • Early Childhood Development
Cross-national associations exist between socio-emotional and cognitive delay and parental physical discipline, not having books, and not counting with the child. This article is behind a paywall.

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Reports and Tools

Five Ways Health and Social Services Can Support Babies, Toddlers and the People Who Care for Them through the Covid-19 Pandemic

Bernard van Leer Foundation, May 2020
  • Early Childhood Development
COVID-19 requires health care, social services, childcare, and other sectors to address rapidly changing governmental policies. Priorities include early years health and nutrition services, parent coaching and support through remote means, childcare services, mental health services to caregivers and families with young children, and investments to prevent and address domestic violence.

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IconFood Systems

Research Articles

Defining Diet Quality: A Synthesis of Dietary Quality Metrics and Their Validity for the Double Burden of Malnutrition

Miller, Victoria, Patrick Webb, Renata Micha, et al. The Lancet Planetary Health, August 2020
  • Food Systems
  • Nutrition and Health Systems
Addressing the double burden of malnutrition requires attention to diet-related maternal and child health (MCH) and non-communicable diseases (NCDs). Identifying a unified global dietary quality metric that can measure the relative contributions of MCH and NCD to malnutrition would help policy and programmatic decision-making.

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Fisheries and Policy Implications for Human Nutrition

Vianna, Gabriel M. S., Dirk Zeller, Daniel Pauly. Food, Health, and the Environment, August 2020
  • Food Systems
Fisheries can address malnutrition and micronutrient deficiencies with critical nutrients, such as fatty acids, zinc, iron, calcium, and vitamins. Overfishing, climate change, and international trade reduce local availability of nutritious and affordable fish in low income countries. Policy reforms that shift management focus of fisheries as a commodity provider to a domestic public health asset to ensure food- and nutrient-security are critical. This article is behind a paywall.

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How Countries Can Reduce Child Stunting at Scale: Lessons from Exemplar Countries

Bhutta, Zulfiqar A., Nadia Akseer, Emily C. Keats, et al. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, July 2020
  • Nutrition and Health Systems
Reducing child stunting requires interventions in multiple sectors. Improving maternal education, fertility practices, and nutrition, as well as maternal and newborn care, are strong contributors to change. Investing to improve reproductive health practices are important to increase contraceptive use, delay first pregnancy, and increase birth spacing. Improving economic conditions, parental education, and access to water and sanitation are also critical. 

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IconKnowledge Management

Reports and Tools

CGIAR COVID-19 Hub

CGIAR, June 2020
  • Food Systems
This collection captures research about the threats to health systems, food security, local businesses, national economies, and reaching Sustainable Development Goals; and harnesses knowledge for emergency response, recovery, and resilience. Focus areas include addressing value chain fractures, using a One Health approach to COVID-19 responses, supporting country COVID-19 responses, and addressing food system fragility.

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COVID-19 Nutrition Resources

USAID Advancing Nutrition, August 2020
  • Food Systems
  • Monitoring, Evaluation, and Learning
These resources focus on multi-sectoral nutrition programming in the context of COVID-19. Research and reports provide guidance about nutrition in humanitarian contexts, monitoring, evaluation and learning, safe breastfeeding practices for COVID-19 positive women, social and behavior change for nutrition in context of COVID-19, and food security.

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COVID-19’s Triple Threat to Gender Equality, Nutrition and Future Potential

1,000 Days, June 2020
  • Nutrition in Humanitarian Contexts
COVID-19 threatens women’s and girls’ health, nutrition, development, and gender equality gains. Financial hardships, overwhelmed health systems, and reduced access to health services compound these threats. Priority actions include providing additional nutritional supplements and counseling, integrating nutrition messages during cash distribution, and holding catch-up child health and immunization campaigns. Countries need data, analytics, and technical assistance to make informed decisions about reducing risk and allocating resources.

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The Nutrition Crisis Hidden Within the Pandemic

U.S. Agency for International Development Medium, July 2020
  • Food Systems
COVID-19 impacts income and affordable nutritious food, and many food producers and sellers are struggling to survive. Health systems and social safety nets are overwhelmed, many are reluctant to seek health care, and misinformation hinders breastfeeding. While demand for humanitarian assistance grows, safe delivery is a challenge. USAID partners are working with food producers to determine consumer nutrition needs and providing counseling about nutrition and COVID-19 transmission via cell phones, radio, and social media.

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Responding to COVID-19’s Impact on Resilience and Food Security

U.S. Agency for International Development, August 2020
  • Food Systems
  • Nutrition and Health Systems
The U.S. Agency for International Development predicts that 148 million additional people may fall into extreme poverty and that emergency food assistance needs will increase by 25% due to COVID-19. This collection provides information and resources related to food security, nutrition, and safe and sustainable access to water, sanitation, and hygiene and highlights the role well-functioning markets and supply chains must play, both of which are impacted by COVID-19.

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U.S. Agency for International Development Bureau for Resilience and Food Security COVID-19 Learning Hub

Agrilinks, August 2020
  • Food Systems
  • Nutrition and Health Systems
This Learning Hub disseminates lessons learned about how to prevent widespread hunger, poverty, malnutrition, and water insecurity. It also provides guidance about how to mitigate and respond to the pandemic’s impacts through agriculture, nutrition, resilience, and water security, sanitation, and hygiene policy and programming. Current resources focus on digital tools, how markets can improve resilience, gender-responsive COVID-19 policies, and acute food insecurity in sub-Saharan Africa.

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UNSCN Nutrition 45: Nutrition in a Digital World

United Nations System Committee on Nutrition, July 2020
  • Food Systems
  • Social and Behavior Change
Digital technologies to increase sustainable healthy diets and progressively realize the right to adequate food are powerful but may also have adverse impacts. This collection focuses on digital food marketing to young people, using mobile-phone technology to change behavior, improving nutrition and health data to and from remote regions, and harnessing artificial intelligence to achieve healthy and sustainable food systems.

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Events

Safeguarding Progress towards Improved Nutrition During the COVID-19 Pandemic: USAID Partner Experiences

USAID Advancing Nutrition, August 2020
  • Food Systems
  • Social and Behavior Change
USAID implementing partners from several countries in Africa and Asia described country-specific efforts to respond to shocks due to COVID-19. Examples include business cooperation between online foodservice delivery platforms and local dairy processors, online cattle trading systems, procurement and distribution of personal protective equipment to thousands of female community health volunteers, new phone infrastructure to report domestic violence, new COVID-19 episodes to augment current radio programming, and the use of megaphones to deliver nutrition messaging door to door.

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Stakeholder Community Meeting: Mitigating the Impacts of COVID-19 on Food, Nutrition, and Water Security

U.S. Agency for International Development, August 2020
  • Food Systems
COVID-19 will drive 70–100 million people into poverty and 80–130 million into chronic hunger. These impacts will persist beyond 2021, the number of malnourished children will increase, and access to water and sanitation services will decrease. Priorities for mitigating impacts include averting the need for additional humanitarian assistance and preventing food crises that may contribute to political unrest. Country-specific case studies focus on operational and programmatic pivots.

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IconMonitoring, Evaluation, and Learning

Research Articles

Can Children Catch Up from the Consequences of Undernourishment? Evidence from Child Linear Growth, Developmental Epigenetics, and Brain and Neurocognitive Development

Leroy, Jef L., Edward A. Frongillo, Pragya Dewan, et al. Advances in Nutrition, July 2020
  • Early Childhood Development
Undernutrition increases susceptibility to illness and risk of death and contributes to neurocognitive development delays, reduced school achievement, reduced earnings in adulthood, and increased probability of chronic diseases. Current evidence demonstrates that the most effective strategy to reduce stunting is through programs that prevent rather than treat linear growth retardation in the first 1,000 days. Authors argue that early undernutrition has irreversible impacts and cautions against studies suggesting otherwise.

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Effective Coverage Measurement in Maternal, Newborn, Child, and Adolescent Health and Nutrition: Progress, Future Prospects, and Implications for Quality Health Systems

Marsh, Andrew D., Moise Muzigaba, Theresa Diaz, et al. The Lancet Global Health, May 2020
  • Monitoring, Evaluation, and Learning
The widely used intervention coverage metric does not address quality and potentially overestimates the health benefits of services. Authors recommend that effective coverage be defined as the proportion of a population in need of a service that results in a positive health outcome from the service, and they identify several research priorities.

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Geospatial Modelling of Changes and Inequality in Nutrition Status Among Children in Mali

Benedict, Rukundo K., Benjamin K. Mayala, Jean de Dieu Bizimana, et al. The Demographic and Health Surveys Program, April 2020
  • Monitoring, Evaluation, and Learning
Results from 2006 and 2018 studies using geospatial modelling techniques show that children’s minimum dietary diversity, mother’s education, and mother’s body mass index are strongly associated with stunting, while children’s minimum dietary diversity and aridity are associated with wasting. Geospatial modelling may help the Government of Mali target programming at lower administrative levels and inform the allocation of resources and program implementation.

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Net Benefit and Cost-Effectiveness of Universal Iron-Containing Multiple Micronutrient Powders for Young Children in 78 Countries: A Microsimulation Study

Pasricha, Sant-Rayn, Adrian Gheorghe, Fayrouz Sakr-Ashour, et al. The Lancet Global Health, August 2020
  • Monitoring, Evaluation, and Learning
The net health benefits of micronutrient powders vary between countries, are highest where the prevalence of moderate and severe anemia is greatest but infection prevalence is smallest, and are ameliorated when coverage of the intervention is poor.

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Proposal of a Quality of Care Index (QOCI)

Mallick, Lindsay, Rukundo K. Benedict, Courtney Allen, et al. The Demographic and Health Surveys Program, August 2020
  • Monitoring, Evaluation, and Learning
The international community lacks consensus around key indicators or summary measures to capture effective, high-quality care to reduce maternal and child death. The Quality of Care Index (QOCI) consists of 17 indicators related to family planning, antenatal care, delivery care, immunization, child curative care, and WASH. It provides insights into subnational regions and health service areas that most need quality of care interventions. Future research should consider additional indicators, including indicators that capture client experience.

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Reports and Tools

Nutrition Information Management, Surveillance and Monitoring in the Context of COVID-19 Brief No. 2

United Nations Children’s Fund, The Global Technical Assistance Mechanism for Nutrition, Global Nutrition Cluster, July 2020
  • Monitoring, Evaluation, and Learning
This brief provides recommendations for undertaking a nutrition situation analysis and estimating its magnitude, monitoring impacts of COVID-19, and pursuing alternative data collection strategies. Even once restrictions have been lifted, practitioners should conduct harm-versus-risk analyses to assess the necessity of the data despite health and safety risks. Discussion focuses on remote data collection, how to estimate the number of people in nutritional need, and how to monitor the nutrition situation and programs during COVID-19.

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The Sensitivity of Anthropometric Estimates to Errors in the Measurement of Height, Weight, and Age for Children Under Five in Population-Based Surveys

The Demographic and Health Surveys Program, August 2020
  • Monitoring, Evaluation, and Learning
Height-for-age (HAZ), weight-for-age (WAZ), and weight-for-height (WHZ) scores for children under 5 years are based on a transformation of height, weight, and age into bivariate relationships. This report aims to improve understanding of how changes in these measurements can induce changes in the means and standard deviations of HAZ, WAZ, and WHZ, as well as stunting, wasting, underweight, and overweight estimates. Data from Peru and Nepal were used because of their different nutritional profiles and evidence of good data quality.

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IconNutrition and Health Systems

Research Articles

Barriers and Facilitators to Growth Monitoring and Promotion in Nepal: Household, Health Worker and Female Community Health Volunteer Perceptions

Pollifrone, Madeline M., Kenda Cunningham, Pooja Pandey Rana, et al. Maternal & Child Nutrition, July 2020
  • Nutrition and Health Systems
Growth assessment, analysis of growth status, and counseling are important factors in measuring growth monitoring and promotion (GMP). Research finds that providers and beneficiaries view GMP as secondary to curative services. Distance, long lines, and crying children hinder engagement, while provider knowledge, skills, and training are barriers. Community‐ and home‐based interventions with trained and supervised community‐based providers may be superior to facility‐based options.

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Making the Health System Work for the Delivery of Nutrition Interventions

King, Shannon E., Talata Sawadogo-Lewis, Robert E. Black, et al. Maternal & Child Nutrition, July 2020
  • Nutrition and Health Systems
Successful delivery of nutrition interventions requires a skilled and motivated health workforce, an effective supply chain, demand for services, and access to services. Programs should encourage delivery of nutrition interventions at every client-provider interaction and should actively generate demand for both general and nutrition services. It is critical to identify health system components responsible for the greatest bottlenecks and opportunities for impact.

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Maternal Diets Matter for Children's Dietary Quality: Seasonal Dietary Diversity and Animal-Source Foods Consumption in Rural Timor-Leste

Bonis-Profumo, Gianna, Natasha Stacey, Julie Brimblecombe. Maternal & Child Nutrition, August 2020
  • Nutrition and Health Systems
Women's dietary quality and education levels are strong predictors of children's dietary diversity and consumption of animal-source foods, while seasonality impacts diversity and consumption. Production, affordability, and consumption of nutrient‐dense foods require widespread market access and sustained nutrition‐sensitive programs.

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Reports and Tools

Baby-Friendly Hospital Initiative Training Course for Maternity Staff

World Health Organization, The United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF), August 2020
  • Nutrition and Health Systems
Many health workers lack training to support women to establish and sustain breastfeeding. This resource provides guidance for leaders to plan a course and select trainers and participants. The trainer's guide contains slides and other materials to facilitate the course, while the participant manual provides worksheets, checklists, and job aids.

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Protecting, Promoting and Supporting Breastfeeding: The Baby-Friendly Hospital Initiative for Small, Sick and Preterm Newborns

World Health Organization, The United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF), August 2020
  • Nutrition and Health Systems
Poor planning for breastfeeding, inconsistent advice, misinformation, lack of knowledge or time, and facility policies impact breastfeeding small, sick, and preterm infants. The Baby-Friendly Hospital Initiative recommends 10 steps to improve breastfeeding in this specific population, including using cup or tube feedings rather than bottles and teats until breastfeeding is possible, and comprehensive discharge planning.

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IconNutrition in Humanitarian Contexts

Research Articles

Impacts of COVID-19 on Childhood Malnutrition and Nutrition-Related Mortality

Headey, Derek, Rebecca Heidkamp, Saskia Osendarp, et al. The Lancet, July 2020
  • Nutrition in Humanitarian Contexts
Authors expect COVID-19 to exacerbate all forms of malnutrition, and estimate that people facing acute food insecurity will nearly double to 265 million this year. Analyses suggest that even short lockdown measures—combined with severe mobility disruptions and moderate food systems disruptions in low- and-middle income countries—will lead to an average 8% per capita decrease in gross national income, 6.7 million more young children experiencing wasting, and 128,605 more deaths among young children in 2020.

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Resilience of Local Food Systems and Links to Food Security – A Review of Some Important Concepts in the Context of COVID-19 and Other Shocks

Béné, Christophe. Journal of Food Security, July 2020
  • Nutrition in Humanitarian Contexts
Structural issues such as bad roads and limited markets impact geographic and economic isolation, while additional shocks such as COVID-19 have devastating impacts on food security and resilience. It is important to simultaneously focus on the initial impacts of the shock, such as crop destruction and the multiple consequences of COVID-19, and on recovery actions. A food system resilience framework identifies economic, institutional, and social dependencies among policymakers and other actors, and points to complexities that impact the food system.

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Reports and Tools

Evidence and Guidance Note on the Use of Cash and Voucher Assistance for Nutrition Outcomes in Emergencies

CashCap and Global Nutrition Cluster, August 2020
  • Nutrition in Humanitarian Contexts
Cash and voucher assistance can improve maternal and child nutrition by increasing individuals’ ability to purchase goods and access services. Conditional transfers increase participation in nutrition social behavior change activities and preventive health services.

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Global Nutrition Cluster: 2020 Mid-Year Report (Jan-Jun)

Global Nutrition Cluster, The United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF), World Vision, August 2020
  • Nutrition in Humanitarian Contexts
The Global Nutrition Cluster has developed a COVID-19 Coordination Resource Site, a COVID-19 Nutrition in Emergencies Resource Site, and technical briefs, podcasts, and webinars focusing on COVID-19 and nutrition. It has also created Programmatic Adaptation Teams to compile, curate, and present potential adaptations and related tools and resources, and create stronger collaborations with international, regional, and local partners.

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Prevention, Early Detection and Treatment of Wasting in Children 0-59 Months through National Health Systems in the Context of COVID-19

United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF), World Health Organization, August 2020
  • Nutrition in Humanitarian Contexts
This document adapts existing guidance on service delivery for the prevention, early detection, and treatment of child wasting in the context of COVID-19.

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IconSocial and Behavior Change

Research Articles

Gender Accommodative Versus Transformative Approaches: A Comparative Assessment within a Post-Harvest Fish Loss Reduction Intervention

Cole, Steven M., Alexander M. Kaminski, Cynthia McDougall, et al. Gender, Technology and Development, March 2020
  • Social and Behavior Change
A gender transformative approach encourages critical awareness of gender norms, challenges gender-based work and resource allocations, and addresses power relationships between women and others in the community. It encourages women and men to jointly identify shifts in norms or behaviors they would like to see and provides space to test new ways of engaging. Development programs that do not address gendered power dynamics and women’s decision-making capacities fail to maximize the impact of their activities.

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Men's Nutrition Knowledge is Important for Women's and Children's Nutrition in Ethiopia

Ambikapathi, Ramya, Simone Passarelli, Isabel Madzorera, et al. Maternal & Child Nutrition, August 2020
  • Social and Behavior Change
Men's nutrition knowledge has significant, positive, and additive associations with households', children's, and women's dietary diversity. Research exploring how nutrition knowledge is gendered and how to engage men in programming may lead to better nutrition outcomes.

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Reports and Tools

Guidance on SBC for Nutrition During COVID-19: Technical Brief

Breakthrough ACTION, USAID Advancing Nutrition, July 2020
  • Social and Behavior Change
Practitioners must find new ways to engage families and communities while following physical distancing guidelines and may need to adapt messaging and calls to action to acknowledge the reality of people’s daily lives. While some messaging will remain the same, some may require changes to address people’s emotional states, country contexts, available services, and local government responses.

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Make Me a Change Agent: An SBC Resource for WASH, Agriculture, and Livelihoods Activities

Love, A. and N. Weber, 2020
  • Social and Behavior Change
This guide focuses on training frontline workers to promote behavior change related to water, sanitation, and hygiene, agriculture, and livelihoods. The highly participatory training includes lessons on effective communication, facilitation, negotiation, social and behavior change, action planning, quality improvement, and giving and receiving feedback. A video introduction to the training guide is available in English, French, and Amharic.

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Managing Nutrition Myths and Misconceptions During COVID-19: Technical Brief

Breakthrough ACTION, USAID Advancing Nutrition, July 2020
  • Social and Behavior Change
Misinformation has led to unnecessary separation of infants and mothers with suspected or confirmed COVID-19 infection during delivery and breastfeeding. It has also led to mistrust of the health care system, delayed care-seeking of nutrition services, and limited uptake of COVID-19 preventive practices. Social and behavior change strategies to combat misinformation include having trusted authorities provide consistent communication with current information and thoughtful responses to misinformation, and building media literacy.

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Events

A Learning and Sharing “Café”: IYCF Programming Adaptations in the Context of COVID-19 – Second Cafe

The Nutrition Technical Rapid Response Team, August 2020
  • Social and Behavior Change
This platform encourages countries to share lessons learned and experiences with adapting infant and young child feeding (IYCF) programs during COVID-19. It provides videos on breastfeeding and complementary feeding, social media content on IYCF, a detailed review of counseling packages for IYCF, and materials focusing on feeding when COVID is suspected or confirmed. Materials are available in French, Spanish, Arabic, Portuguese, and English.

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