Scholars increasingly point to women’s empowerment as a means to enhance food security and nutrition; however, little is understood about the mechanisms that drive these relationships. This analysis uses a mixed methods approach to examine these interactions in Tanzanian pastoral communities. Both methodologies indicate a positive correlation between women’s empowerment and both dietary diversity and nutrition security. The authors recommend that scholars and programmers consider the non-economic domains of empowerment and combine technological and institutional interventions to promote women’s empowerment.