This paper reports the performance of hematological biomarkers (hemoglobin [Hb], measured with both a hematology analyzer and a HemoCue; inflammation-adjusted ferritin; soluble transferrin receptor; reticulocyte Hb; hepcidin; mean corpuscular volume; inflammation-adjusted total body iron stores; total iron binding capacity; and transferrin saturation) in predicting a hemoglobin response in nonpregnant Cambodian women aged 18–45 years after 12 weeks of iron supplementation.