The Biomarkers Reflecting Inflammation and Nutritional Determinants of Anemia (BRINDA) project set out to improve the interpretation of iron and vitamin A biomarker results and our understanding of the main risk factors for anemia. The BRINDA findings indicate the importance of applying adjustments for inflammation to iron and vitamin A biomarkers to correctly interpret the prevalence of these deficiencies and their association with anemia. The brief is intended for programmers and policymakers involved in—(1) planning a survey that measures anemia or micronutrient deficiencies; (2) interpreting results of surveys that measure anemia or micronutrient deficiencies (e.g., conducting a landscape analysis); and, (3) designing and implementing programs to reduce anemia and micronutrient deficiencies.